Preheat the oven to 350°F. Spray two 9-inch round cake pans with nonstick cooking spray and set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk 3 cups cake flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder, ½ teaspoon baking soda, and ½ teaspoon salt together until well combined. Set aside.
In a separate medium mixing bowl whisk 1 cup buttermilk, ¼ cup oil, ¼cup fresh-squeezed lemon juice, and 1 tablepsoon vanilla extract together until well combined. Set aside.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment or in a large mixing bowl using a handheld mixer, beat 1 cup softened butter on low speed until smooth, then slowly mix in 1 ¾ cups granulated sugar.
Once all of the sugar is added, add the lemon zest, and increase to medium speed and continue mixing for another 4 to 5 minutes or until the mixture is light and fluffy.
Mix in the 4 eggs, one at a time, make sure to stop and scrape around the bottom and sides of the bowl after each egg.
Add the dry ingredients in three additions alternating with the buttermilk mixture (begin and end with the dry ingredients) on low speed. Mix in each addition until just combined, making sure not to overmix the batter.
Divide the batter between the two prepared cake pans and spread it around into one even layer.
Bake for 24-28 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the cakes comes out clean.
Remove from the oven and allow to cool in the pans for about 20 minutes. Slide a knife around the outside of the cakes, then carefully remove the cakes from the pans, and transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.